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Ph.D Research Thesis Preparation Steps
Thesis Paper
Doctorate of Philosophy, abbreviated to PhD
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field. A doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded graduate study
A PhD program candidate, or PhDc (sometimes called Candidate of Philosophy), is a postgraduate student at the doctoral level who has successfully satisfied the requirements for doctoral studies, except for the final thesis or dissertation. As such, a PhDc is sometimes called an "ABD" (All But Dissertation or All But Defended). Although a minor distinction in postgraduate study, achieving PhD Candidacy is not without benefit.
It’s the first important step in your PHD Degree. One must select a unique title / topic which has not been done elsewhere. Before selecting the topic, extensive literature search has to be undertaken by referencing old papers and many sources. Proper research gaps in the existing researches needs to be identified and based on the gaps, Ph.D scholar must develop a topic which must be unique and reflect the study purpose. Generally, the topic/title should have following keywords. So that by looking at the title one should be able to understand the research purposes and also keen on read the entire article. The Topic/Title should comprise one or more key words specified below,
1. Area of the study
2. Problem, question, or issues as possible
3. Findings of the study
4. Study design
5. Ethnic
After formulating the topic/title, please show it to your professor or guide and explain the way that you have come up with the title and cross check whether the same title has not been conducted elsewhere.
Before writing your research thesis, you need to develop a research proposal or proposed work, which will have the same format of the dissertation except results, discussion, conclusion and recommendation. Developing research proposal directs / guides you for the main thesis. The following is the structure of the research proposal.
Title: Tentative title (it can be wide, but should be concise)
Chapter I: Introduction / Back ground of the study / Problem statement
Chapter II: Review of Literature and Research Framework
Chapter III: Research Development Details
Chapter IV: Research Methodology, Tools used and Outcome of the study.
Reference & Bibliography
Appendix: Proposed questionnaires
Literature review in a research project contributes 40 percent of weightage. Researchers should put more effort to collect exhaustive up to date literature that has been published from various countries or conducted among different research groups. Thus, a researcher need to collect relevant literature, including historical, empirical, philosophical literatures related to a problem stated. The research scholar needs to review the theory and practical possibilities, outcome of the system and the major research critically that provides the immediate background of your problem and furnishes the uniqueness and importance of the present study with that of earlier published study (identification of research gaps) should be noted. With the identified research gaps, a research framework needs to be developed based on the available empirical obtained literature that contributes significantly to frame the our research work.
The final part of the thesis report is the Discussions, conclusion and future work / recommendation / implications. This section requires understanding of performance wise statistical and analytical terms. Further this section needs to emphasize interpretation of your findings with the existing literature and highlighting critically with results (similarity, differences and providing proper justification). Besides, research needs to provide appropriate recommendations, limitation in terms of the research design, sample size, questionnaire validity, etc while concluding the PhD Thesis. A justification for each and every line that has been included in your thesis needs to be provided.
A synopsis for the research work is developed after completing a full thesis and this can be called as ‘Mini-Thesis’ as it cover all the details but roughly in 10-12 pages. The PhD synopsis will have following headings*
1. Introduction
2. Motivation of the study
3. Objectives / Research questions
4. Hypothesis of the study
5. Description of the research work
6. Findings
7. List of publications based on the research work
8. References
9. Proposed content of the thesis / Chapterization details
Data collection for the thesis depends on the research design (quantitative or qualitative design). KaaShiv InfoTech will provide some of the sample data for your research
In PhD thesis report, questionnaire development is an important step as it decides the study outcome. Before developing a questionnaire, following has to be followed strictly for the better outcome.
1. Do not develop questionnaires when there are questionnaires already available. Plan for a difference.
2. Search for already developed and validated questionnaire which will ease your process.
3. Questionnaire must be understandable and readable
4. Start with general purposes such as socio demographic characteristics, followed by specific things related to the project.
5. Design draft questionnaire and gain knowledge/expertise by face to face discussion with others.
6. Pre-test the questionnaire before pilot study
7. Use very simple language and appropriate for that particular population
8. Avoid ‘yes’ or ‘no’ and double negatives options
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